/* Definition panel: warm paper and a restrained cartographic grid. */
.h9-definition{position:relative;margin:36px -40px 0;padding:40px 54px;text-align:left;background:linear-gradient(110deg,#f1e3d1 0%,#f6eee2 52%,#e7ece3 100%);border-block:1px solid #d9cbbb;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden}.h9-definition:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;opacity:.18;background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,transparent 89px,#8a8874 90px,transparent 91px);mask-image:linear-gradient(to right,transparent,#000)}.h9-definition .h8-intro{max-width:1080px;gap:64px;align-items:start}.h9-definition .h9-kicker{font:12px/1.4 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#7d1d0c;margin:0 0 15px}.h9-definition h2{font-size:clamp(25px,2.45vw,34px);line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.35px;margin:0 0 18px;max-width:460px}.h9-definition .h8-intro section>p:last-child{font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;max-width:470px}.h9-definition .h8-intro section+section{border-left:1px solid #c9bbaa;padding-left:34px}.h8-opening{padding-bottom:34px}.h9-all{display:inline-block;padding:12px 0;font-size:17px;color:#a73821!important}.h9-directory{max-width:1100px}.h9-directory>p{max-width:750px}.h9-directory>section{margin-top:48px}.h9-directory-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-left:1px solid #d6cbbc;border-top:1px solid #d6cbbc}.h9-directory-grid>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:start;text-decoration:none;padding:26px;border-right:1px solid #d6cbbc;border-bottom:1px solid #d6cbbc;background:#f6efe5}.h9-directory-grid>a:hover{background:#ece4d7}.h9-directory-grid h3{font-size:28px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 12px}.h9-directory-grid p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 20px}.h9-directory-grid span{font-size:16px;color:#a73821;margin-top:auto;padding-top:10px}
@media(max-width:800px){.h9-definition{padding:32px 36px}.h9-definition .h8-intro{gap:28px}.h9-definition .h8-intro section+section{padding-left:24px}.h9-directory-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}
@media(max-width:650px){.h9-definition{margin:28px -22px 0;padding:29px 22px}.h9-definition .h8-intro{gap:25px}.h9-definition h2{font-size:28px;margin-bottom:14px}.h9-definition .h8-intro section>p:last-child{font-size:18px;line-height:1.55}.h9-definition .h8-intro section+section{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid #c9bbaa;padding-left:0;padding-top:24px}.h9-definition .h9-kicker{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:12px}.h8-opening{padding-bottom:28px}.h9-directory-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.h9-directory-grid>a{padding:23px}.h9-directory>section{margin-top:36px}}
.h9-definition .h8-intro>section{margin:0}.h9-definition .h8-intro>section:first-child{padding:0}
/* Readable historical captions, with movement confined to the background. */
.h8-sequence{position:relative;isolation:isolate;padding:26px 20px 22px;margin-inline:-20px;border-bottom:1px solid #d8cfc1;background:#f2eee5;overflow:hidden}.h8-sequence:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;background-image:linear-gradient(110deg,rgba(229,234,221,.4),rgba(249,238,222,.35)),repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,transparent 118px,rgba(111,124,104,.14) 119px,transparent 120px),repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 0,transparent 79px,rgba(111,124,104,.07) 80px,transparent 81px);background-size:auto,120px 100%,100% 81px}.h8-sequence.h10-motion:before{animation:h10-drift 45s linear infinite}.h8-sequence.h10-paused:before{animation-play-state:paused}@keyframes h10-drift{from{background-position:0 0,0 0}to{background-position:120px 0,0 81px}}.h8-strip .h10-caption{display:block;font:14px/1.45 'Source Serif 4',serif;color:#444748;margin:10px 5px 0;text-align:left}.h8-strip a{padding-bottom:8px}.h10-sequence-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;font:13px 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif}.h10-motion-toggle{font:13px 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;background:transparent;color:#7d1d0c;border:1px solid #bdae9b;padding:10px 12px;min-height:44px;cursor:pointer}.h10-motion-toggle[hidden]{display:none}.h8-menu>a:nth-child(odd){background:#eee6db}.h8-menu>a:nth-child(even){background:#f7f1e9}.h8-menu>a:hover{background:#e0d4c3}.h8-menu>a:focus-visible,.h10-motion-toggle:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #a73821;outline-offset:-3px}
@media(max-width:650px){.h8-sequence{margin-inline:-22px;padding:24px 22px 20px}.h10-sequence-tools{justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-top:12px}.h8-strip .h10-caption{font-size:15px;margin-inline:4px}.h8-strip{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,132px)}.h8-menu>a:nth-child(4n+1),.h8-menu>a:nth-child(4n+4){background:#eee6db}.h8-menu>a:nth-child(4n+2),.h8-menu>a:nth-child(4n+3){background:#f7f1e9}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.h8-sequence.h10-motion:before{animation:none}.h10-motion-toggle{display:none}}
.h8-strip .h10-caption{overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:normal;hyphens:auto}
/* Horizontal comparison, with explicit date/place/caption hierarchy. */
.h8-strip{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,minmax(0,1fr));grid-auto-flow:column;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;scrollbar-width:none;-ms-overflow-style:none;gap:8px;scroll-snap-type:x proximity;padding-bottom:12px}.h8-strip::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;width:0;height:0}.h8-strip>a,.h8-strip>.h8-reference{min-width:0;scroll-snap-align:start}.h8-strip svg{height:240px}.h8-strip strong{font:500 11px/1.5 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:#565553;display:block;min-height:18px;white-space:nowrap}.h8-strip small{display:block;min-height:44px;margin-top:7px;font:600 16px/1.25 'Source Serif 4',serif;color:#7d1d0c}.h8-strip .h10-caption{font:400 12.5px/1.6 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:#444748;display:block;margin:8px 0 0;text-align:left;hyphens:none;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal}.h8-reference{padding-right:8px}.h8-reference small{font-size:14px;color:#565553}.h11-swipe-hint{display:none}.h8-strip:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #a73821;outline-offset:-2px}
@media(max-width:1199px){.h8-strip{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,140px);gap:20px}.h8-strip svg{height:230px}.h8-strip strong{font-size:12px}.h8-strip small{font-size:17px}.h8-strip .h10-caption{font-size:13px}.h11-swipe-hint{display:inline}.h11-series-label{display:none}}
@media(max-width:650px){.h8-strip{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,140px);gap:18px}.h8-strip svg{height:210px;padding-inline:20px}.h10-sequence-tools{flex-wrap:wrap}}

/* Map date stays beside the drawing; changing stages cannot resize text slots. */
.h8-evolution .h12-map-year{font:600 30px/1.2 'Playfair Display',serif;color:#7d1d0c;margin:0;padding:15px 20px;background:#f2ece4;border:1px solid #bcc7b7;border-bottom:0;min-height:67px;box-sizing:border-box;font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums}.h8-evolution #h8-state,.h8-evolution #h8-state-note{box-sizing:border-box}.h8-evolution #h8-map{aspect-ratio:860/650}
@media(max-width:650px){.h8-evolution .h12-map-year{font-size:27px;padding:13px 16px;min-height:60px}}

.h13-map-sources{font:14px/1.6 'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;color:#444748;padding:0 14px 14px}.h13-map-sources summary{color:#7d1d0c;cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;display:list-item;padding:12px 0;box-sizing:border-box}.h13-map-sources p{font:inherit;margin:8px 0}

/* Keep the reading rhythm compact; reserve space after the complete stage. */
.h8-evolution{align-items:start}
.h8-evolution>div>.eyebrow{margin:0 0 18px}
.h8-evolution>div>h2{margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.2}
.h8-evolution>div>h2+p{font:400 18px/1.6 'Source Serif 4',serif;margin:0;max-width:48ch}
.h8-evolution label{margin:24px 0 4px;color:#444748}
.h8-evolution input{display:block;margin:0 0 18px}
.h8 .h8-evolution #h8-state{font:600 22px/1.35 'Source Serif 4',serif;margin:0 0 12px}
.h8 .h8-evolution #h8-state-note{font:400 16px/1.6 'Source Serif 4',serif;margin:0 0 16px}
.h14-stage{box-sizing:border-box;display:flow-root}
.h8-evolution #h8-explore{font-size:18px;padding:10px 0;margin:0}
@media(max-width:650px){.h8-evolution>div>h2+p{font-size:17px}.h8 .h8-evolution #h8-state{font-size:21px}.h8-evolution{gap:24px}}

/* Clearer caption hierarchy, with quieter editorial notes. */
.h8-strip .h10-caption{font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:500;color:#363735;line-height:1.6}
.h8-sequence>.h8-note{font-style:italic!important;font-size:12.5px!important;line-height:1.65!important;color:#555;margin-top:18px}
.h8-evolution figcaption{font-style:italic;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.65}
.h8-sequence{background:linear-gradient(115deg,#eee4d8 0%,#f5eee5 48%,#fbf7f1 100%)}
.h8-sequence:before{background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0,transparent 118px,rgba(133,103,80,.10) 119px,transparent 120px),repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 0,transparent 79px,rgba(133,103,80,.06) 80px,transparent 81px);background-size:120px 100%,100% 81px}
@media(max-width:650px){.h8-sequence>.h8-note,.h8-evolution figcaption{font-size:13px!important}}
/* Research evidence 2026-10-23 */
.research-evidence{margin-block:3rem}.research-entry{border-top:1px solid #c9bfb2;padding:0}.research-entry summary{font-family:"Source Serif 4",serif;font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:600;color:#7d1d0c;padding:1.1rem .4rem;cursor:pointer;min-height:44px}.research-entry>div{padding:0 .5rem 1.5rem}.research-entry li{margin-block:.8rem}.research-entry small,.research-limit{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.65}.research-anchor{scroll-margin-top:110px}.research-entry:has(+.research-anchor:target){outline:none}

/* Geographic orientation */
.h8-strip .geo-short{display:block;font-weight:600;color:#7d1d0c;margin-bottom:.4rem;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-size:inherit;line-height:1.45}.geo-context{font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;color:#444748;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55;margin-block:.7rem 1rem}